The Ladder of Participation

Community engagement - consultations

Engagement can be seen in the context of The Ladder of Participation which includes: Informing; Consulting; Involving; Collaborating and Self- determination.

Empowerment

Self determination

People implement what they decide

Type of activity:

  • Minimal input from public sector/ provide support when requested
  • Community capacity building
  • Active Community Groups and Organisations

Tools and techniques / resources:

  • Online support and resources for self-service
  • The Councils Community Development Team can visit and support communities should they require assistance

Case studies and tools

Empowerment

Organisations implement what people decide

Empowerment recognises the independent role that communities can play, and what they can be supported to achieve, using assets and resources for the purpose of improvement and transformation.

Type of activity:

  • Direct decision making as a sole result of community consultation and involvement
  • Voting
  • Participatory budgeting

Tools and techniques / resources:

Case studies and tools

Engagement methods (increasing participation)

Involvement

People’s concerns inform organisations’ proposed decisions

Type of activity:

  • Ongoing process of engagement – workshops, deliberative polling, citizen juries, deliberative workshop.

  • Focus groups to gather views to inform shaping service decisions.

  • Involving people in the decision on the final design of a project/ building/ park etc. by presenting options to choose from.

  • Feedback forms.

  • Charrettes and other examples of participants shaping the outcomes of engagement.

  • Community needs assessments.

Tools and techniques / resources:

Council pages

Case studies and tools

Collaboration (co-production)

Organisations seek people’s involvement in identifying issues, outlining options and making decisions

Type of activity:

  • Participatory decision-making

  • Citizen advisory panels

  • Open space events

  • Service planning

  • Art of Hosting

Tools and techniques / resources:

Case studies and tools

Consultation

People’s views are listened to in respect of organisations’ proposed decisions

Type of activity:

  • One off engagement opportunities – focus groups, surveys, public meetings, networks and forums

  • Gathering views through annual surveys on existing service provision

  • Asking for comments on draft documents, plans, strategies

  • Seeking views to inform the development of council strategies usually sits between consultation and collaboration.

Tools and techniques / resources:

Case studies and tools

Informing

Organisations keep people informed of proposed decisions

Type of activity:

  • Providing the information people need to form and give views – newsletters, websites, exhibitions, leaflets, posters, social media, news releases.

  • Ongoing information provision throughout a project – emails, leaflets, face to face engagement, council meetings, members seminars

  • Picture / drawings

  • Videos to inform

Tools and techniques / resources:

  • Newsletter

  • Websites

  • Corporate communication channels

Case studies and tools

planning session at a table with pen and papersFurther information

Further information on ladder of engagement which has been adapted to be specific to local authorities can be found here: The ladder of citizen participation and community engagement (citizenlab.co)

Engagement covers a broad range of activities for the council. The method of engagement will vary depending on purpose. One engagement exercise may involve 2 or 3 different methods, e.g. – 

  • To consult and inform of planned changes to services or new strategies / policies and seek feedback – Consultation
  • To inform the development of design and delivery of services, including a service design approach – Informing, Collaboration
  • To identify needs and key issues affecting local citizens and communities – Collaboration
  • To test or pilot new services or approaches to service delivery – Involvement
  • To assess the impact of changes in resources or new policies or services – Collaboration, Involvement
  • To plan for the delivery of services in the future – Collaboration

The Scottish Government has started using the term ‘Participation’ rather than engagement, see the Scottish Government’s Participation Handbook